一、Keep的基本含义
Keep 是英语中使用频率极高的动词,核心含义为"保持;继续;保留",但根据上下文和搭配不同,衍生出多达20余种含义。这个词源自古英语"cēpan",意为"观察;注意",经过千年演变成为现代英语中的多面手词汇。
提示:Keep之所以难以掌握,不是因为其含义复杂,而是因为其搭配灵活,几乎可以与任何名词、形容词和介词组合使用。
二、Keep的语法功能与形式变化
Keep作为不规则动词,其形式变化为:keep - kept - kept。在句子中主要充当及物动词和不及物动词,也可作为名词使用(如:生计;城堡主楼)。
| 时态/形式 | 示例 | 中文释义 |
|---|---|---|
| 原形 (keep) | I keep a diary. | 我记日记。 |
| 过去式 (kept) | She kept her promise. | 她信守了承诺。 |
| 过去分词 (kept) | He has kept the secret for years. | 他保守这个秘密多年了。 |
| 现在分词 (keeping) | Keeping fit is important. | 保持健康很重要。 |
三、Keep的常见用法与场景
1. 保持状态(+形容词)
Keep后接形容词,表示"保持某种状态":
- Keep quiet during the movie. (电影放映期间保持安静)
- How do you keep healthy? (你如何保持健康?)
- Please keep calm in emergencies. (紧急情况下请保持冷静)
2. 继续做某事(+动词-ing)
Keep后接动词的ing形式,表示"持续做某事":
- He kept talking for an hour. (他不停地说了一个小时)
- The baby kept crying all night. (婴儿整夜哭闹)
- Keep going! You're almost there. (继续前进!你就快到了)
3. 保管;保存(+名词)
表示保存、保管某物:
- You can keep the change. (零钱不用找了)
- I keep important documents in this drawer. (我把重要文件保存在这个抽屉里)
- She keeps all her childhood photos in an album. (她保存着所有童年照片在相册里)
4. 遵守;履行(+名词)
表示遵守承诺、规则或履行义务:
- Everyone must keep the rules. (每个人都必须遵守规则)
- He always keeps his word. (他总是信守诺言)
- We should keep the tradition alive. (我们应该保持传统不衰)
5. 经营;管理
表示经营商店、管理家庭等:
- They keep a small shop in the neighborhood. (他们在附近经营一家小店)
- It's not easy to keep a household with three children. (管理一个有三个孩子的家庭并不容易)
6. 饲养(动物)
表示饲养宠物或牲畜:
- We keep chickens in the backyard. (我们在后院养鸡)
- Many families keep pets for companionship. (许多家庭饲养宠物作伴)
四、Keep的常用短语搭配
| 短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| keep up with | 跟上,不落后 | It's hard to keep up with technology changes. |
| keep away from | 远离,避开 | Keep away from the edge of the cliff. |
| keep in mind | 记住,牢记 | Keep in mind that time is limited. |
| keep an eye on | 照看,留意 | Can you keep an eye on my bag? |
| keep track of | 跟踪,记录 | It's hard to keep track of all your expenses. |
| keep in touch | 保持联系 | Let's keep in touch after graduation. |
| keep someone waiting | 让某人等待 | Sorry to keep you waiting. |
| keep a secret | 保守秘密 | Can you keep a secret? |
五、常见错误与注意事项
1. 混淆keep与hold
虽然两者都有"保持"的意思,但keep强调持续状态,而hold更强调暂时性的抓握或举行:
- 正确:Keep this photo safe. (保存好这张照片)
- 正确:Hold my hand while we cross the street. (过马路时牵着我的手)
2. 介词搭配错误
Keep与不同介词搭配时含义不同,需特别注意:
- keep on doing something (继续做某事)
- keep something from someone (对某人隐瞒某事)
- keep up with someone (跟上某人)
六、实战练习与巩固
填空练习:
- Please ______ the door closed. (keep/hold)
- It's important to ______ a balanced diet. (keep/hold)
- Can you ______ an eye on my luggage? (keep/hold)
- We should ______ in touch after you move. (keep/hold)
- He ______ his promise to help us. (kept/holded)
查看答案
1. keep; 2. keep; 3. keep; 4. keep; 5. kept